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Menstrual cycle

Once a month, one ovary releases an egg (ovum) and the uterus grows a lining of blood and tissue. If the egg becomes fertilized by a sperm, it can implant into the uterus lining and develop into a baby.

If the egg is not fertilized, it will dissolve and the uterus lining is shed through the vaginal opening. This is called menstruation or a period.

Before a period

The uterus develops a thick lining of blood and tissue.

Menstrual cycle diagram
During a period

Most of the lining is shed in the menstrual flow.